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Jean-Pierre Falret (26 April 1794 – 28 October 1870) was a French psychiatrist. He was born and died in Marcilhac-sur-Célé.〔(FALRET (Jean Pierre) ). BIU Santé, Paris〕 In 1811 he began his medical studies in Paris, where he was inspired by the work of Philippe Pinel (1745–1826) and Jean Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840). In 1819 he obtained his medical doctorate, afterwards establishing a mental institution with Félix Voisin (1794–1872) at Vanves (1822). In 1831 was appointed ''chef de l’hospice'' at the Salpêtrière, a position he maintained until his retirement in 1867. In 1851 he published an article describing a condition he called ''la folie circulaire'' (circular insanity), of which a patient would experience cycles of manic excitement and cycles of depression. Falret's description is considered to be the earliest documented diagnosis of what today is known as a bipolar affective disorder. Falret believed in the dualistic nature of the individual, and a separation of body and soul. He proposed that when the soul and a diseased condition interact, a phenomenon he called ''novum organon'' appeared. Accordingly, this manifestation of the ''novum organon'' created disturbances of the soul and caused mental illness. He believed that this mental condition could not be remedied by somatic treatment alone, but mainly through "psychic" moral methods. With psychiatrist Ernest-Charles Lasègue (1816–1883), he diagnosed a communal psychotic disorder sometimes referred to as "Lasègue-Falret syndrome" (''folie à deux''). The syndrome is characterized by the coincidental appearance of psychotic symptoms in family members while living together, as well as retention of the symptoms when the individuals are separated. This syndrome can also involve a situation where a diseased family member transmits psychotic symptoms to healthy members of the family. The two doctors published their findings in a treatise called ''La folie à deux ou folie communiquée''.〔(''Lasègue-Falret syndrome'' ) at Who Named It〕 Today the ''Le Centre Hospitalier Jean-Pierre Falret'' is a psychiatric hospital system serving the department of Lot.〔(Le Centre Hospitalier Jean-Pierre Falret ). icm46.fr〕 == An Eminent Humanist == Being a fierce opponent of psychiatric reductionism depriving the mental patients of their rights, Falret was fighting against injustice by proposing a deeply humane approach respecting the persons with mental problems and open to society. Upon visiting the asylums in England and Scotland in 1835, he actively contributed to the preparation of the famous law as of June 30, 1838 aimed to re-establish the civil rights of the mentally ill in order to make them full-fledged citizens. A true pioneer, he was convinced that "the mental patients could be cured and that providing them with their place in society and workplace would guarantee their safety."〔(Jean-Pierre Falret, un fondateur visionnaire )〕 ''"All the most unfortunate circumstances are reuniting so that to dishearten the convalescent mental patients on their way back to the world. The family does not want or cannot accept them anymore; society is rejecting them in terror, and, without the sufficient reaction capacity, they are forced to create ... a new reality... The mental patients are incapable of surmounting so many obstacles. As a result, people easily accuse them of immorality, crimes, or suicide attempts, or the mentally affected are very quickly falling back to the cruel illness where they were so successfully hiding themselves earlier."'' Being aware of the fragility of his patients and the risks of relapse, he founded in 1841 "The Patronage Society for the Mental Patients Cured in the Salpêtrière Hospital" ("La Société de Patronage pour les Aliénés sortis guéris de l’Hôpital de la Salpêtrière"). The name of this society was subsequently changed to "The Falret Charity" ("L’Œuvre Falret"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean-Pierre Falret」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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